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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa If you're a fan of coffee, you likely already know that different types of beans can produce different flavors. Learn about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa. Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter flavor profile and are often utilized in blends of coffee to add depth. Arabica Arabica coffee beans make up 75% of global production. Arabica beans are sweeter and milder in flavor than Robusta and are available in a variety profiles. The aroma and taste of coffee can be affected by the conditions in which it is grown as well as the methods of processing used. The word “coffee” originates from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are fruit seeds that grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds found that their goats were invigorated by eating the fruits. The cultivation of coffee grew rapidly all over the world. Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes, and are able to thrive in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is considered to be the best tasting kind of coffee. Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on finding their arabica beans in a sustainable manner and focusing on fair pay for farmers and sustainable growing practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to make distinctive coffees that can be used in many different brewing methods. Blending allows control over the aroma, flavor and body of the coffee. It is generally preferred to get a consistent and balanced flavor that appeals to a wider market. Robusta Robusta beans are the second most popular type of coffee bean around the world. They contain more caffeine per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to pests and disease. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acid, which are antioxidants found naturally. However, these acids may cause oxidation during the coffee brewing process and may produce undesirable flavors. The plant itself is more durable than arabica and is able to grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and is growing faster than arabica. This makes it a efficient crop to grow. While it may seem counterintuitive the fact is that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended together to create coffee blends. If you notice names like Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags it's possible there is also some robusta. Although some roasters exclusively use arabica beans, most do blend the two varieties to cut costs and maintain quality. To preserve the integrity of flavor, you should choose the best quality beans from a reliable source. The best way to achieve this is to buy your beans directly from the farmer. Liberica Liberica beans have a shape that is similar to a football which is why they are different from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive aroma that is fruity and floral with subtle smoky undertones. They are added to other types of coffee beans to give them a richer, more robust taste. Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They can thrive in low altitudes and withstand humid, hot climates. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta. These qualities make them ideal for home cultivation. online coffee beans can purchase seeds from numerous sources. However, it is ideal to purchase the beans from local producers to ensure high-quality. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants are fertile deep volcanic soils with moderately acidic pH and adequate annual rainfall. Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa which was originally thought to be a separate species, but has been re-classified as an alternative to Liberica. These coffee beans are ovals that are cultivated on 20 to 30-foot coffee plants that are situated at medium altitudes. Their unique taste is both sweet and tart, making them a popular choice for blends made at home. They are also lighter on flavor and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta yet still have an unusual taste. Excelsa Excelsa coffee beans aren't as widely used as Arabica and Robusta despite being the fourth most popular. In fact they were regarded as distinct species of coffee until 2006 when they were reclassified to an alternative to Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% the world's production of coffee. These beans have a distinctive teardrop shape and carry an intriguing dark flavor. They are often blended to provide extra body and a full, tart, ripened fruit flavor. Arabica beans are the most sought-after, and are known for having a sweeter taste. They thrive at high altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They have a little acidity. If properly roasted and brewed, they can have notes of chocolate, nuts, or even fruit. Robusta is the second most-loved coffee in the world and is responsible for 40% of the coffee consumed globally. Robusta beans are more round and smaller, yet contain twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and are more likely to have earthy and woody undertones. After having learned about the four most commonly used types you can now pick your favorite drink. If you prefer smooth and delicate flavors, choose an arabica bean, or a blend consisting of arabica beans and robusta beans.